宁夏动物卫生监督执法工作情况调研报告

为解决基层动物卫生监督执法滞后,基础设施薄弱等问题,全面客观地掌握我区动物卫生监督管理工作现状,笔者对全区动物卫生监督机构情况、畜禽定点屠宰情况、动物及动物产品交易市场情况、动物防疫条件审核发证情况、肉类经营、加工和仓储情况、肉类消费场所检疫监督情况、动物产品（非肉类）加工企业的检疫监督情况、规模饲养场、养殖小区（户）动物卫生监督执法情况等进行了调研,现将调查情况报告如下。     

北方农牧交错区土地利用覆盖变化对大型土壤动物群落结构的影响

在北方农牧交错区东段科尔沁沙地选择草地、沙地、农田和林地4种土地利用覆盖类型,采用手拣法调查不同类型样地大型土壤动物群落特征,分析土地利用覆盖变化对大型土壤动物群落的作用及其影响因素.结果表明:4种土地类型生境共获得10目27科43个类群,其中拟步甲科(Tenebrionidae)、鳃金龟科(Melolonthidae)幼虫和蚁科(Formicidae)为优势类群,个体数占总个体数的41.79％.草地开垦为农田或过度放牧沙化后土壤容重增加且碱性增强,土壤养分损失,而流动沙地种植人工灌木林后可在一定程度上降低土壤容重并增加土壤水分,增强生境的异质性.草地沙化后直接影响优势类群鳃金龟科幼虫和蚁科的个体数分布,显著降低了大型土壤动物多样性;大型土壤动物个体数、类群数和Shannon指数在沙地生境显著低于草地生境;流动沙地人工种植灌木林后可增加拟步甲科个体数的分布并提高大型土壤动物群落的多样性;但草地开垦为农田对大型土壤动物多样性的影响相对较低.因此,对草地进行围栏封育、防治土壤沙化以及流动沙地人工种植灌木林等退耕还林还草措施均可改善土壤环境,保护和维持大型土壤动物多样性,有利于农牧交错区生态系统的有效恢复和保护.     

基于GIS的森林火灾扑救指挥辅助决策系统的建立及应用研究

针对山地森林火灾预防难、扑救难、易伤亡的特点,在对森林防火业务进行需求分析的基础上,以GIS为核心,建立森林防火基础地理数据库,综合应用空间信息技术、网络通讯技术、硬件开发技术及林火理论对其进行研发,建立了森林火灾扑救指挥辅助决策系统。系统实现了GPS人员动态跟踪及火情采集、林火热点管理、林火蔓延模拟、灭火扑救辅助决策、森林火灾发展态势发布、三维火环境场景浏览等多个功能。系统以.net技术、SQL Server数据库技术、Skyline三维可视化技术、ArcGIS Engine开发组件为基础,结合GPS芯片、通讯网络及智能手机进行集成开发。系统建立示范以来,在日常林火管理中能及时发现潜在森林火灾、开展计算机辅助决策与处置,实现森林防火计算机信息化,从而提高林火管理水平,取得良好的防灾、减灾效果。     

Assessment and validation of CLIGEN-simulated rainfall data for Northern Taiwan

By using CLIGEN and long-term meteorological data, consecutive daily rainfall data can be simulated. At present, the applicability of CLIGEN to regions other than the United States remains to be tested. In this study, CLIGEN was first applied in a subtropical monsoon climate region. Rainfall data from 1961 to 1990 at three weather stations in northern Taiwan were collected, and rainfall parameters and patterns were validated. The results showed no significant difference in the mean and distribution patterns between observed and simulated values for rainfall parameters including precipitation for each month, wet days for each month, precipitation on wet days for each month and standard deviation of daily precipitation for each month. Regarding rainfall pattern, after re-calibration of storm pattern coefficients, the accuracy of the simulated storm duration was greatly enhanced. However, the simulated daily maximum 5- and 30-min peak intensities were overestimated, and there is room for improvement.     

Effect evaluation of shotcrete vegetation mulching technique applied to steep concrete-face slopes on a highway of Taiwan

The Shotcrete Vegetation Mulching Technique (SVMT) was introduced to revegetate existing steep concrete-face slopes. By mixing cement and greening additives with hydraulic mulching materials in a particular proportion and directly spraying the mixture on steep concrete-face slopes, SVMT was proven to be superior to several traditional methods. SVMT can make a slope surface resistant to erosion within a short time (the uniaxial compressive strength of the slope was higher than 294.3 kN/m² on the 14th day), create an environment suitable for plant growth (the vegetation coverage rate on the 90th day was higher than 90%) and foster a plant community capable of natural succession (competition and succession among Bermudagrass, turf-type tall fescue, hairy beggarticks, chamber bitter, oriental false hawksbeard, American burnweed, Pacific Island silvergrass, and inchplant were observed), effectively improving wildlife habitat and increasing biodiversity (small arthropods were found on the site, including spiders, grasshoppers, ants, ladybirds, etc.). Furthermore, the ecological engineering effects of SVMT on the experiment site were evaluated according to Mitsch and Jørgensen’s 19 Ecological Design Principles. It was found that the site treated with SVMT conformed to principles 2, 3, 8, 10, 11, and 16.     

The reasonable scale of water reuse system in irrigation area: a case study of Chitong irrigation district in Taiwan

The aim of this study is to assess the potential of the irrigation return-flow in a water reuse system, for the supply of other local water users. Both field survey and water-budget analysis were conducted, and the Chitong irrigation district in Taiwan was selected as the case study area. The results indicate that through the regulation of a pond with the effective capacity of 20,000 m³, a stable supply of 10,000 CMD of reuse water can be generated if the return-flow from the irrigation area of 200 hectares, which is about the size of a rotation plot, is intercepted. However, as the irrigation and effective rainfall are low from December to March, which are considered high risk for water supply, the irrigation return-flow decreases accordingly, and a series of responding measures are also suggested.     

湖北省农民专业合作社人力资源现状分析

基于农民专业合作社现有发展阶段实际情况,以湖北省156家农民专业合作社为样本,分析了其人力资源现状.结果表明,样本合作社理事长文化程度一般较高,且年龄多为40～50岁;理事长任期较短;超过半数的理事长身份为生产(销售)大户.由此提出应该完善中国农业教育体系,加大农村人力资源培训投入和建立合理的合作社经营管理人员薪酬体系的建议.     

我国特殊用途家蚕品种选育的研究进展

综述了我国彩色茧品种、丝胶品种、细纤度品种、雄蚕品种、限性品种等特殊用途家蚕品种选育的研究进展,并分析了特殊用途家蚕品种选育的发展趋势。